Peer-reviewed Journal Articles

Conservation International's science is the foundation for all our work. Our global science team is dedicated to advancing conservation science — pursuing actionable knowledge and amplifying it through partnerships and outreach.

To date, Conservation International has published more than 1,300 peer-reviewed articles, many in leading journals including Science, Nature and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Here is an archive of our most recent research:

Birds optimize fruit size consumed near their geographic range limits

Lucas P Martins, Daniel B Stouffer, Pedro G Blendinger, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, José Miguel Costa, D Matthias Dehling, Camila I Donatti, Carine Emer, Mauro Galetti, Ruben Heleno, Ícaro Menezes, José Carlos Morante-Filho, Marcia C Muñoz, Eike Lena Neuschulz, Marco Aurélio Pizo, Marta Quitián, Roman A Ruggera, Francisco Saavedra, Vinicio Santillán, Matthias Schleuning, Luís Pascoal da Silva, Fernanda Ribeiro da Silva, Joseph A Tobias, Anna Traveset, Maximilian G R Vollstädt, Jason M Tylianakis

Science, 385, 331-336

July 18, 2024

Animals can adjust their diet to maximize energy or nutritional intake. For example, birds often target fruits that match their beak size because those fruits can be consumed more efficiently. We hypothesized that pressure to optimize diet—measured as matching between fruit and beak size—increases under stressful environments, such as those that determine species’ range edges. Using fruit-consumption and trait information for 97 frugivorous bird and 831 plant species across six continents, we demonstrate that birds feed more frequently on closely size-matched fruits near their geographic range limits. This pattern was particularly strong for highly frugivorous birds, whereas opportunistic frugivores showed no such tendency. These findings highlight how frugivore interactions might respond to stressful conditions and reveal that trait matching may not predict resource use consistently.

CITATION

Martins, L. P., Stouffer, D. B., Blendinger, P. G., Böhning-Gaese, K., Costa, J. M., Dehling, D. M., Donatti, C. I., Emer, C., Galetti, M., Heleno, R., Menezes, Í., Morante-Filho, J. C., Muñoz, M. C., Neuschulz, E. L., Pizo, M. A., Quitián, M., Ruggera, R. A., Saavedra, F., Santillán, V., … Tylianakis, J. M. (2024). Birds optimize fruit size consumed near their geographic range limits. Science, 385(6706), 331–336. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adj1856